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- $Unique_ID{BRK03574}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Caudal Regression Syndrome}
- $Subject{Caudal Regression Syndrome Caudal Dysplasia Caudal Dysplasia Sequence
- Sacral Agenesis Congenital Sacral Regression Sirenomelia Sequence}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 898:
- Caudal Regression Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Caudal Regression
- Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to
- find the alternate name and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Caudal Dysplasia
- Caudal Dysplasia Sequence
- Sacral Agenesis, Congenital
- Sacral Regression
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Sirenomelia Sequence
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The Information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Caudal Regression Syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal
- development of the lower (tail) end of the fetus. A wide range of
- abnormalities may occur from partial absence of the tailbone end of the spine
- causing no apparent symptoms, to extensive abnormalities of the lower
- vertebrae, pelvis, and spine. Neurological impairment as well as inability
- to control urination and bowel movements (incontinence) may occur in severe
- cases.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Caudal Regression Syndrome is characterized by abnormal development of the
- tail (caudal) end region of the developing fetus. Abnormalities associated
- with this disorder may include partial absence of the tailbone (Coccyx) end
- of the spine which usually causes no symptoms, and/or a wide range of
- developmental abnormalities predominantly involving the lower portion of the
- body.
-
- Patients with Caudal Regression Syndrome may have some of the following
- symptoms: absence or underdevelopment of the lower vertebrae, pelvis and/or
- tailbone at the end of the spine; paralysis or numbness of the legs; an
- difficulty in controlling bowel movements and urination; dislocation of the
- hip; joints in a permanently fixed position; underdeveloped muscles; abnormal
- growth of the thighbone; a clubfoot; intestines that are twisted; defects of
- the anal and urinary systems; multiple cysts or partial fusion of the
- kidneys; swelling of the pelvis due to a blockage in the urinary system;
- displacement of the external sex organs; and/or a defect in which the urinary
- opening is on the underside of the penis (hypospadias).
-
- Less common abnormalities found in some patients with Caudal Regression
- Syndrome may be: an abnormal amount of spinal fluid in the head
- (hydrocephaly); partial or complete absence of the gland that supplies
- hormones (pituitary gland); cleft palate or lip; an underdeveloped or small
- lower jaw; a downward displacement of the tongue; defects of the heart;
- and/or more than the normal number of fingers and/or toes.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Caudal Regression Syndrome is not known in most cases.
- Nearly sixteen percent of the patients afflicted with this disorder have had
- mothers that were diabetic. Autosomal dominant inheritance has been
- suggested in some cases. Human traits, including the classic genetic
- diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes, one received from
- the father and one from the mother. In dominant disorders a single copy of
- the disease gene (received from either the mother or father) will be
- expressed "dominating" the other normal gene and resulting in the appearance
- of the disease. The risk of transmitting the disorder from affected parent
- to offspring is fifty percent for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the
- resulting child.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Caudal Regression Syndrome is a rare disorder that affects males and females
- in equal numbers.
-
- Approximately sixteen percent of the patients born with Caudal Regression
- Syndrome have mothers afflicted with diabetes.
-
- It is estimated that Causal Regression Syndrome will affect approximately
- three out of every one hundred thousand live births.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Caudal
- Regression Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Sirenomelia Sequence is a rare disorder characterized by irregular
- development of the lower limbs. The deformity is present at birth, usually
- as a single lower extremity or as two legs that are joined together.
- Accompanying malformations of the spine and skeletal system, with vertebrae
- either absent or defective, commonly occur. (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Sirenomelia Sequence " as your search term in the Rare
- Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Caudal Regression Syndrome can be detected in a fetus during the second
- trimester of pregnancy by ultrasound.
-
- Orthopedic devices may be used to help problems of the hip, back and
- legs.
-
- Problems such as an imperforate anus, hydrocephaly, cleft palate or lip,
- and extra fingers or toes can be improved or corrected with surgery.
-
- Genetic counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families.
- Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Research on birth defects and their causes is ongoing. The National
- Institutes of Health (NIH) is sponsoring the Human Genome Project which is
- aimed at mapping every gene in the human body and learning why they sometimes
- malfunction. It is hoped that this new knowledge will lead to prevention and
- treatment of genetic disorders in the future.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- July 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Caudal Regression Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203)-746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- For Genetic Information and Genetic Counseling Referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10505
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 9th Ed.: Victor A. McKusick, Editor: Johns
- Hopkins University Press, 1990. Pp. 871-2.
-
- SMITH'S RECOGNIZABLE PATTERNS OF HUMAN MALFORMATION, 4th Ed.: Kenneth L.
- Jones, M.D., Editor; W.B. Saunders Co., 1988. P. 575.
-
- BIRTH DEFECTS ENCYCLOPEDIA, Mary Louise Buyse, M.D., Editor-In-Chief;
- Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1990. Pp. 296-7.
-
- PARTIAL TRANSPOSITION OF THE PENIS AND SCROTUM WITH ANTERIOR URETHRAL
- DIVERTICULUM IN A CHILD BORN WITH THE CAUDAL REGRESSION SYNDROME: A.M.
- Shanberg, et al.; J Urol (October, 1989, issue 424. Pp. 1060-2.
-
-